> ## Documentation Index > Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs.gcore.com/llms.txt > Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further. # Monitor load and performance of a Virtual Machine The **Monitoring** tab displays performance metrics for a Virtual Machine (VM). To open the tab, navigate to **Cloud** > **Virtual Instances** in the [Gcore Customer Portal](https://portal.gcore.com), click the instance name, and select the **Monitoring** tab. Monitoring tab showing four metric panels: CPU Utilization, RAM Utilization, Network Traffic, and Network Packets Two controls appear above the graphs: the left one selects the time range of the displayed data, and the right one sets the refresh interval. Monitoring controls showing the time range dropdown and the auto-refresh interval selector Rate metrics — bytes per second and packets per second — display one-minute averages. The system collects the total volume for one minute and divides by 60. 1\. CPU Utilization measures the load on the processor as a percentage. At 90% load across all cores, the graph displays 90%. CPU Utilization graph showing processor load as a percentage CPU Utilization can exceed 100% when the VM briefly uses more CPU than its flavor allocation — this usually occurs during VM creation and does not affect payment. 2\. RAM Utilization measures the amount of RAM the Virtual Machine uses, as a percentage. A value of 100% means the RAM is fully loaded. RAM Utilization graph showing memory usage as a percentage RAM Utilization in the portal may be higher than the value shown inside the operating system. The Monitoring tab includes cache RAM — memory the OS reserves to speed up applications but reclaims immediately when any application requires it. The **Network Traffic** panel shows network traffic speed in bytes per second: 3\. Network BPS, ingress is the speed of incoming traffic measured in bytes per second. 4\. Network BPS, egress is the speed of outgoing traffic measured in bytes per second. Network Traffic graph showing Network BPS ingress and egress The **Network Packets** panel shows network traffic speed in packets per second: 5\. Network PPS, ingress is the speed of incoming traffic measured in packets per second. 6\. Network PPS, egress is the speed of outgoing traffic measured in packets per second. Network Packets graph showing Network PPS ingress and egress The **Disk IOPS** panel shows disk read and write operations per second: 7\. sda/Disk IOPS read — number of disk read operations per second. 8\. sda/Disk IOPS write — number of disk write operations per second. sda/Disk IOPS graph showing read and write operations per second The **Disk Throughput** panel shows disk data transfer speed in bytes per second: 9\. sda/Disk BPS read — disk read throughput in bytes per second. 10\. sda/Disk BPS write — disk write throughput in bytes per second. sda/Disk BPS graph showing read and write bytes per second